ANALISIS KUALITATIF SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI DAUN GAMBIR Uncaria gambir W.Hunter Roxb. DAN UJI AKTIVTAS ANTIOKSIDAN METODE DPPH

Abstract

Free radicals are reactive molecules that can cause cellular dysfunction and molecular alterations unrecognized by the immune system. One of the plants with the potential to counteract free radicals is gambir leaves Uncaria gambir W. Hunter Roxb., which possess antioxidant properties. This study aims to identify the secondary metabolite compounds present in the extracts and fractions of gambir leaves through phytochemical screening and LC-HRMS analysis, as well as to evaluate their antioxidant activity. The extraction methods used were maceration with ethanol p.a. and decoction with water, followed by fractionation using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. Phytochemical screening and LC-HRMS results showed that the ethanol extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, and steroids; the water extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids; the water fraction contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins; the ethyl acetate fraction contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins; and the n-hexane fraction contained flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and steroids. The antioxidant activity assay showed percent inhibition values of 12.35% for the ethanol extract, 20.62% for the water extract, 0.25% for the n-hexane fraction, 3.70% for the ethyl acetate fraction, and 4.20% for the water fraction. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the extracts and fractions of gambir leaves Uncaria gambir W. Hunter Roxb. have potential as a source of antioxidants.