FAKTOR RISIKO PEKERJAAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT KARDIOVASKULAR PADA PEKERJA: SYSTEMATIC NARRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Beyond traditional risk factors, occupational factors and workplace exposures are increasingly recognized as contributors to CVD risk among workers. This study aimed to identify, categorize, and synthesize occupational risk factors associated with CVD incidence in working populations. A systematic narrative review was conducted using literature from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies were English-language prospective cohort articles published between 2015 and 2026. Article selection followed the PRISMA framework, and findings were synthesized narratively. A total of 11 prospective cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. Psychosocial factors, particularly job strain and shift work, were associated with increased CVD risk. Job strain increased the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) by 18.2% and atrial fibrillation by 83% (HR=1.83). Shift workers showed higher CVD mortality than non-shift workers (HR=1.12), especially among night-shift workers. High occupational physical activity (OPA) demonstrated a tendency toward increased CVD risk, supporting the physical activity paradox hypothesis. In addition, occupational noise exposure exceeding 90 dBA and pesticide exposure were linked to a higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Comprehensive occupational health strategies based on a multi-exposure approach are needed to support CVD prevention among workers.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease, occupational risk factors, job strain, shift work, occupational physical activity, systematic narrative review.